Daniel Defoe (c. 1660 – 24 April 1731) was an English writer, journalist, merchant, and spy, best known for his pioneering works in the English novel. He initially gained prominence through his prolific writing of pamphlets, essays, and non-fiction works, including histories, travel accounts, and practical manuals on business and trade. Defoe's writing style was characterized by realism, attention to detail, and a focus on everyday life, often incorporating elements of adventure and moral instruction. His most famous novels, Robinson Crusoe and Moll Flanders, helped to establish new literary conventions and themes, reflecting the burgeoning interest in individual experience and social commentary of the 18th century.




























































